Anal fissure refers to the tear or cuts in the lining of the anus, through which stool passes. It can cause severe pain and bleeding while emptying the bowel. Most cases of anal fissures occur among people dealing with constipation. With the proper knowledge and treatments, one can manage the condition. Keep reading to learn about anal fissures, what causes them, the warning signs, and how to manage the condition.

Anal fissure
An anal fissure occurs when there is too much tension or pressure on the muscles surrounding the anus. It usually happens due to constipation, but it can also be caused by childbirth, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), passing large stools, or treatments like radiotherapy.

Causes
Anal fissures are tears in the anus or anal canal lining caused by various factors. Sometimes, they can be extremely painful and demand a health expert’s attention. Anal fissures may result from a variety of factors, including-

• Straining during bowel movements- This is the most common cause of anal fissures. During a bowel movement, straining too hard can tear your abdominal muscles.
• Chronic constipation- Hard, dry stools can make it more difficult to empty the bowel, leading to increased straining and the possibility of anal fissures.
• Childbirth- Women who have recently given birth may experience anal fissures due to the strain on the muscles during labor.
• Crohn’s disease- This is an inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the digestive tract, including the anus. It can trigger chronic inflammation in the intestinal tract, leading to anal fissures.

Symptoms
The most evident symptoms of an anal fissure are listed below.

• Pain when emptying the bowel
• Pain that persists even after a bowel movement is complete
• Bleeding during or after a bowel movement
• Itchiness and irritation
• An evident tear in the skin around the anus
• Constant spasms of the anal muscles can be felt like a lump
• In more severe cases, there may be a deep ulcer in the anal canal

Diagnosis
Anal fissures are usually diagnosed based on the symptoms and physical examination. During the physical examination, a healthcare professional will likely look for any signs of anal sphincter tightness, muscle spasms, or signs of infection or inflammation. Your doctor may also perform a digital rectal exam to assess the area if needed.

Treatment
Anal fissures can be painful and uncomfortable and often require treatment to help alleviate the discomfort. However, sometimes the condition heals on its own in a few weeks. There are several treatment options available to manage anal fissures. The treatment type depends on the condition’s severity and underlying cause. The most common treatments for anal fissures include-

• Lifestyle modifications- This involves changing lifestyle habits by eating high-fiber foods, drinking enough fluids, and exercising regularly. These changes can help reduce symptoms and promote healing.
• Surgery- In severe cases, surgery may be advised to remove the fissure or repair any underlying damage. Health experts suggest surgery when a patient has a chronic anal fissure that does not heal after using other treatments.
• Health experts prescribe topical treatments to patients to relieve pain.

Prevention
An anal fissure is a painful condition that can lead to more complications if left untreated. However, with proper care and attention, it is possible to prevent the occurrence or recurrence of anal fissures. Some tips to safeguard yourself against the risk of anal fissures are listed below.

• Drinking plenty of fluids- Increasing your fluid intake helps keep your stools softer, making it easier to pass them and reducing your risk of developing an anal fissure.
• Eating more fiber-rich foods- Foods high in fiber can help keep your stools soft, reducing the strain on your rectum when passing stools.
• Practicing good hygiene- Good hygiene practices, such as wiping gently after using the bathroom, can help reduce the risk of developing an anal fissure.
• Do not strain while emptying the bowel; it can create pressure, leading to a new tear forming or a healing tear opening.