Bursitis is a condition that affects the fluid-filled sacs near the joints and can cause discomfort and issues with mobility. It involves inflammation that develops due to excessive pressure or friction. People with acute and chronic bursitis can experience pain and swelling. However, a few treatment options can help one manage the condition. Here is everything one should know about bursitis to be able to recognize its signs and seek timely treatment:

What is bursitis?
Bursitis is an inflammation of a bursa (small fluid-filled sac) found around the joints. The condition usually develops due to excessive pressure or friction on the affected joint, causing irritation and swelling of the bursa. It can develop in multiple areas of the body, including shoulders, elbows, hips, and knees, but is most common in load-bearing regions like the hip or knee. Risk factors for bursitis include age (it is more common as one gets older), a prior joint injury, injuries from repetitive motion like when running or cycling, and certain conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Forms: Acute versus chronic bursitis
Acute bursitis is an inflammation of the bursae caused by an injury, such as a blow or a strain. This usually results in pain and swelling that develops suddenly and is relatively short-lived. Chronic bursitis, on the other hand, is a long-term condition that can result from a single event, such as an injury, but it can also develop gradually due to repetitive motions or poor posture. Chronic bursitis tends to be less painful initially than acute bursitis and is usually characterized by swelling and stiffness. Both types can cause pain and discomfort and should be treated promptly to relieve symptoms and prevent further damage. If left untreated, acute and chronic bursitis can lead to permanent joint damage or disability.

Symptoms
One can experience the following symptoms when dealing with bursitis:

• Pain in the affected area while moving
• Swelling and redness around the area
• Tender and warm area upon touching
• Difficulty moving the joint due to pain or stiffness
• Cracking or grating sensation when the joint is moved
• Limited range of motion in the joint

Diagnosis
If one notices symptoms of bursitis, they should see a doctor, who will first ask for a detailed history of health. This includes recent injuries or physical activities that may have contributed to bursitis. The doctor may then conduct a physical examination to check the affected area for discomfort or signs of tenderness, warmth, and swelling. The doctor may also perform imaging tests, such as X-rays or ultrasound scans, to rule out other causes of pain. They may take a fluid sample from the affected joint (through a process called aspiration) to look for evidence of infection or gout. Finally, the doctor may offer treatment or direct the patient to a specialist, such as a rheumatologist or orthopedic surgeon, for further tests and treatment. With the correct diagnosis and treatment plan, most bursitis cases can be managed with minimal disruption to daily life.

Management options
Whether dealing with acute or chronic bursitis, the goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation and pain. Here are some lifestyle changes and treatment options for managing the condition:

Rest: Getting plenty of rest and avoiding activities that may worsen symptoms is essential. One can also apply cold compresses to the affected area to help reduce inflammation.

Prescriptions: These can help reduce inflammation and pain associated with bursitis.

Physical therapy: A physical therapist can recommend specific exercises and stretches to strengthen the muscles around the affected area and improve the range of motion. In addition, they may use ultrasound, electrical stimulation, and hot or cold therapy to help reduce swelling.

Surgery: Surgery may be required to repair any damage to the bursa or remove any loose fragments from the joint. This is usually required if other treatments fail to provide relief.

The most important step is prevention, so one should avoid activities that exert too much stress on the joints or aggravate existing pain. One should also warm up before exercising or engaging in strenuous activities to prepare the body for exertion. Here, maintaining good posture, stretching beforehand, and using proper techniques and protective gear, such as knee or elbow pads, are important measures to lower the risk of bursitis.